Induction of Glandular Trichomes to Control Bemisia tabaci in Tomato Crops: Modulation by the Natural Enemy Nesidiocoris tenuis.

Whitefly-transmitted viruses are one of the biggest threats to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) growing worldwide. Strategies based on the introgression of resistance traits from wild relatives are promoted to control tomato pests and diseases. Recently, a trichome-based resistance characterizing the wild species Solanum pimpinellifolium was introgressed into a cultivated tomato. An advanced backcross line (BC5S2) exhibiting the presence of acylsugar-associated type IV trichomes, which are lacking in cultivated tomatoes, was effective at controlling whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and limiting the spread of whitefly-transmitted viruses. However, at early growth stages, type IV trichome density and acylsugar production are limited; thus, protection against whiteflies and whitefly-transmitted viruses remains irrelevant. In this work, we demonstrate that young BC5S2 tomato plants feeding-punctured by the zoophytophagous predator Nesidiocoris tenuis (Hemiptera: Miridae) displayed an increase (above 50%) in type IV trichome density. Acylsugar production was consistently increased in N. tenuis-punctured BC5S2 plants, which was more likely associated with upregulated expression of the BCKD-E2 gene related to acylsugar biosynthesis. In addition, the infestation of BC5S2 plants with N. tenuis effectively induced the expression of defensive genes involved in the jasmonic acid signaling pathway, resulting in strong repellence to Bemisia tabaci and attractiveness to N. tenuis. Thus, through preplant release of N. tenuis in tomato nurseries carried out in some integrated pest management programs, type IV trichome-expressing plants can be prepared to control whiteflies and whitefly-transmitted viruses at early growth stages. This study emphasizes the advantage of reinforcing constitutive resistance using defense inducers to guarantee robust protection against pests and transmitted viruses.

Crinivirus Tomato Chlorosis Virus Compromises the Control of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus in Tomato Plants by the Ty-1 Gene.

Tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD) causes severe damage to tomato crops in warm regions of the world, and is associated with infections of several whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)-transmitted single-stranded (ss)DNA begomoviruses (genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae). The most widespread begomovirus isolates associated with TYLCD are those of the type strain of the Tomato yellow leaf curl virus species, known as Israel (TYLCV-IL). The Ty-1 gene is widely used in commercial tomato cultivars to control TYLCV-IL damage, providing resistance to the virus by restricting viral accumulation and tolerance to TYLCD by inhibiting disease symptoms. However, several reports suggest that TYLCV-IL-like isolates are adapting to the Ty-1 gene and are causes of concern for possibly overcoming the provided control. This is the case with TYLCV-IL IS76-like recombinants that have a small genome fragment acquired by genetic exchange from an isolate of Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus, another begomovirus species associated with TYLCD. Here we show that TYLCV-IL IS76-like isolates partially break down the TYLCD-tolerance provided by the Ty-1 gene and that virulence differences might exist between isolates. Interestingly, we demonstrate that mixed infections with an isolate of the crinivirus (genus Crinivirus, family Closteroviridae) species Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV), an ssRNA virus also transmitted by B. tabaci and emerging worldwide in tomato crops, boosts the breakdown of the TYLCD-tolerance provided by the Ty-1 gene either with TYLCV-IL IS76-like or canonical TYLCV-IL isolates. Moreover, we demonstrate the incorporation of the Ty-2 gene in Ty-1-commercial tomatoes to restrict (no virus or virus traces, no symptoms) systemic infections of recombinant TYLCV-IL IS76-like and canonical TYLCV-IL isolates, even in the presence of ToCV infections, which provides more robust and durable control of TYLCD.

Begomovirus Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus Is Seedborne but Not Seed Transmitted in Melon.

Seed transmission can be of considerable relevance to the dissemination of plant viruses in nature and for their prevalence and perpetuation. Long-distance spread of isolates of the begomovirus species Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae) has recently occurred from Asia to the Middle East and the Mediterranean Basin. Here, we investigated the possible transmission by melon (Cucumis melo L.) seeds of a tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) isolate of the "Spain" strain widely distributed in the Mediterranean area as an alternative mechanism for long-distance spread. PCR amplification detection of ToLCNDV in floral parts and mature seeds of melon plants reveals that this virus is seedborne. "Seedborne" is defined as the ability of a virus to be carried through seeds, which does not necessarily lead to transmission to the next generation. Treatment with a chemical disinfectant significantly reduced the detectable virus associated with melon seeds, suggesting ToLCNDV contamination of the external portion of the seed coat. Also, when the internal fraction of the mature seed (seed cotyledons + embryo) was analyzed by quantitative PCR amplification, ToLCNDV was detectable at low levels, suggesting the potential for viral contamination or infection of the internal portions of seed. However, grow-out studies conducted with melon progeny plants germinated from mature seeds collected from ToLCNDV-infected plants and evaluated at early (1-leaf) or at late (20-leaf) growth stages did not support the transmission of ToLCNDV from seeds to offspring.

Desconstruindo polarizações acerca da internet: entrelaçamentos entre os universos online e off-line / Deconstructing polarizations about the internet: entanglements between online and offline universes / Deconstruyendo polarizaciones sobre internet: entrecruzamientos entre universos en línea y fuera de línea

O presente artigo insere-se no campo de estudos sobre internet e subjetividades contemporâneas e dedica-se à problematização das relações entre os universos online e off-line. Através da argumentação de diversos autores, assim como de exemplos extraídos da cultura digital atual buscaremos sustentar a visão de que "os mundos" real e virtual são distintos, porém não opostos. Acreditamos que o entendimento de que há um entrelaçamento entre ambos, de que são registros permeáveis, em continuidade, que se modificam e se afetam mutuamente, pode contribuir para pensar o fenômeno da internet por um viés de desconstrução de polarizações ainda marcante nesse campo de estudos.

This article is part of the field of studies on internet and contemporary subjectivities and is dedicated to problematizing the relationships between the online and offline universes. Through the arguments of several authors, as well as examples extracted from the current digital culture, we will seek to support the view that the real and virtual "worlds" are distinct, but not opposites. We believe that understanding that there is an intertwining between the two, which are permeable registers, in continuity, that modify and affect each other, can contribute to thinking about the phenomenon of the internet through a bias of deconstruction of the polarizations that are still striking in this field of studies.

Este artículo forma parte del campo de estudios sobre internet y subjetividades contemporáneas y está dedicado a problematizar las relaciones entre universos online y offline. A través de los argumentos de varios autores, así como de ejemplos extraídos de la cultura digital actual, buscaremos sustentar la visión de que los "mundos" real y virtual son distintos, pero no opuestos. Creemos que la comprensión de que existe un entrelazamiento entre los dos, que son registros permeables, en continuidad, que se modifican y afectan entre sí, puede contribuir a pensar el fenómeno de internet a través de un sesgo de deconstrucción de polarizaciones que aún llama la atención en este campo de estudios.

Host Plant Resistance to Bemisia tabaci to Control Damage Caused in Tomato Plants by the Emerging Crinivirus Tomato Chlorosis Virus.

Tomato chlorosis virus (genus Crinivirus, family Closteroviridae) (ToCV) is rapidly emerging, causing increased damage to tomato production worldwide. The virus is transmitted in a semipersistent manner by several whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) species and is expanding its geographical and host ranges associated with the emergence of whiteflies of the Bemisia tabaci complex. Control is based essentially on intensive insecticide applications against the insect vector but is largely ineffective. No virus-resistant or tolerant commercial tomato cultivars are available. Recently, a B. tabaci-resistant tomato line based on the introgression of type IV leaf glandular trichomes and secretion of acylsucroses from the wild tomato Solanum pimpinellifolium was shown to effectively control the spread of tomato yellow leaf curl virus, a begomovirus (genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae) persistently transmitted by B. tabaci. As short acquisition and transmission periods are associated to the semipersistent transmission of ToCV, its possible control by means of the B. tabaci-resistant tomato could be compromised. Moreover, if the antixenosis effect of the resistance trait present in those tomato plants results in increased B. tabaci mobility, an increased ToCV spread might even occur. We demonstrated, however, that the use of acylsugar-producing B. tabaci-resistant tomatoes effectively controls ToCV spread compared to a near-isogenic line without type IV trichomes and acylsugar secretion. No increase in the primary ToCV spread is observed, and secondary spread could be reduced significantly decreasing the incidence of this virus. The possible use of host plant resistance to whiteflies to limit spread of ToCV opens up new alternatives for a more effective control of this virus to reduce the damage caused in tomato crops.

A performance como linguagem: corpo, ato, gênero e sujeito / Performance as language: body, act, gender and subject

Resumo: O presente artigo desenvolve um percurso sobre a atualidade da performance como ato de linguagem que tem uma efetividade própria no campo do gênero, na política das ruas e na psicanálise. Além destes domínios, a arte contemporânea é também citada como ilustrativa da atualidade da performance. Aproxima-se a paródia, elemento importante na performance de gênero, da noção lacaniana de semblante. Investiga-se o modo como a linguagem performativa opera nesses diferentes campos como um modo de ato que possui valor de palavra, um ato que tem valor de um dizer. Além disso, acentua-se a presença do corpo como elemento central e fundamental para o ato performativo.

Abstract: This article traverses a course around the contemporariness of the performance as an act of language with its own effectiveness in the field of gender, in street politics, and in psychoanalysis. In addition to these domains, contemporary art is also cited as illustrative of current performance. The parody, an important component in gender performance, is linked to the Lacanian concept of semblant. We probe the way performative language functions in these diverse fields as a form of act worth of words, an act that is also an utterance. Moreover, the presence of the body is emphasized as a central and essential factor in the performative act.

Quantitative analysis of amino acids by HPLC in dried blood and urine in the neonatal period: Establishment of reference values.

Quantitative analysis of amino acids in blood and urine is primarily indicated for the diagnosis of amino acid disorders. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique is frequently used for this detection. The frequency of sample collection on filter paper has been increasing exponentially, and there are many advantages attributed to processing biological samples in this way. The aim of this study was to validate a quantitative analysis of amino acids by HPLC in blood and urine collected on filter paper and to establish reference values in the neonatal period. Dried blood and dried urine samples of respectively 58 and 45 healthy newborns (2-9 days) were collected. Pre-treatment and extraction of samples were done according to the literature. Separation and analysis of amino acids were carried out by HPLC with fluorescence detection. The developed method demonstrated excellent separation, linearity, limits of detection and quantification, repeatability and recovery. The reference values for 17 amino acids were defined in dried blood and urine samples of newborns. This work presents a simple, fast and effective method for the simultaneous analysis of 17 amino acids in blood and urine collected on filter paper in a single run. The reference values were established and validated.

Trauma e lesão: algumas articulações em psicanálise / Trauma and injury: some articulations in psychoanalysis / Trauma y lesión: algunas articulaciones en psicoanálisis

O objetivo do presente trabalho é articular lesão e trauma a partir da teoria psicanalítica. O trauma é definido tanto pelo hiato deixado na cadeia psíquica quanto pelo excesso pulsional, que produzem sequelas na história do sujeito. Destacamos o caráter subjetivo do trauma, afastando-o tanto de uma leitura científica daquilo que poderia ser objetivável, quanto como algo da ordem da realidade. Assim, o caráter traumático atribuído a um determinado evento depende também do próprio sujeito. Portanto, destacamos a lesão como um real que o sujeito incorpora e ao mesmo tempo desorganiza a economia psíquica e a reconfigura.

The aim of this work is to articulate injury and trauma from a psychoanalytic theory viewpoint. Trauma is defined both by the gap left in the psychic chain and by the excess drive, which lead to sequels in the subject's history. We emphasize the subjective character of trauma, removing it from a scientific interpretation of what could be objectifiable and from the realm of reality. Thus, the traumatic character of an event is ascribed also by the subject. Therefore, we emphasize the lesion as a real element that the subject incorporates, which at once disorganizes the psychic economy and reconfigures it.

El objetivo del presente trabajo es articular lesión y trauma a partir de la teoría psicoanalítica. El trauma es definido tanto por el hueco dejado en la cadena psíquica cuando por su exceso pulsional, produciendo secuelas en la historia del sujeto. Destacamos el carácter subjetivo del trauma, retirándolo de una interpretación científica de lo que podría ser objetivable y del orden de la realidad. Así, el carácter traumático asignado a un determinado evento es dado por el propio sujeto. Por consiguiente, destacamos aquí la lesión como un real que el sujeto incorpora, que a la vez desorganiza la economía psíquica y la reconfigura.

Revisiting Seed Transmission of the Type Strain of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus in Tomato Plants.

Isolates of the Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) species (genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae) infect tomato crops worldwide, causing severe economic damage. Members of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci sibling species group are the vector of begomoviruses, including TYLCV. However, transmission of isolates of the type strain (Israel [IL]) of TYLCV (TYLCV-IL) by tomato seed has recently been reported based on infections occurring in Korea. Because of the consequences of this finding on the epidemiology and control of the disease caused by TYLCV and on the seed market, it was considered essential to revisit and expand those results to other tomato-growing areas. TYLCV DNA content was detected in tomato and Nicotiana benthamiana seed collected from plants naturally or experimentally infected with TYLCV-IL, supporting its seedborne nature. The TYLCV-IL replication detected in tomato and N. benthamiana flower reproductive organs demonstrated close association of this virus with the seed during maturation. However, the significant reduction of TYLCV DNA load after surface disinfections of tomato seed suggests that most of the virus is located externally, as contaminant of the seed coat. Transmission assays, carried out with seven tomato genotypes and more than 3,000 tomato plants, revealed no evidence of seed transmission from "surface-disinfected" or untreated seed for two Mediterranean isolates of TYLCV-IL. Similar results were also obtained for seed collected from TYLCV-IL-infected N. benthamiana plants. The results support the conclusion that TYLCV-IL is seedborne but is not seed transmitted in tomato or N. benthamiana, suggesting that transmission through seed is not a general property of TYLCV.

Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Sardinia Virus, a Begomovirus Species Evolving by Mutation and Recombination: A Challenge for Virus Control.

The tomato leaf curl disease (TYLCD) is associated with infections of several species of begomoviruses (genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae) and causes severe damage to tomatoes throughout tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. Among others, the Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSV) species causes damage in the Mediterranean Basin since early outbreaks occurred. Nevertheless, scarce information is available about the diversity of TYLCSV. Here, we study this aspect based on the sequence information accessible in databases. Isolates of two taxonomically differentiated TYLCSV strains can be found in natural epidemics. Their evolution is mostly associated with mutation combined with selection and random genetic drift and also with inter-species recombination which is frequent in begomoviruses. Moreover, a novel putative inter-strain recombinant is reported. Although no significantly new biological behaviour was observed for this latter recombinant, its occurrence supports that as shown for other related begomoviruses, recombination continues to play a central role in the evolution of TYLCD-associated viruses and the dynamism of their populations. The confrontation of resistant tomatoes with isolates of different TYLCD-associated viruses including the novel recombinant demonstrates the existence of a variable virus x plant genotype interaction. This has already been observed for other TYLCD-associated viruses and is a challenge for the control of their impact on tomato production.

Algumas reflexões sobre o corpo no cenário psicanalítico atual / Quelques réflexions sur le corps dans le scénario psychanalytique actuel / Algunas reflexiones sobre el cuerpo en la escena psicoanalítica actual / Some considerations about the body in the current psychoanalytic scenario

Resumo Busca-se levantar indagações centrais acerca da presença do corpo na clínica psicanalítica e na cultura contemporânea. Para tal finalidade, examina-se o quanto essa problemática participa das transformações sociais testemunhadas nas últimas décadas. Em seguida, compara-se o corpo da biologia e o corpo da psicanálise, a fim de enfatizar a especificidade deste último. Esse problema remete à noção psicanalítica de corpo pulsional, aos limites da representação psíquica em psicanálise e à afirmação de que há nesse campo uma permeabilidade entre o registro da pulsão e o da representação. Além desses dois registros, o artigo propõe também incluir o corpo biológico como uma das dimensões do corpo metapsicológico em Freud.

Résumé On cherche à soulever des questions centrales au sujet de la présence du corps dans la clinique psychanalytique et la culture contemporaine. À cet effet, on examine comment cette problématique participe des transformations sociales témoignées au cours des dernières décennies. Ensuite on compare le corps de la biologie au corps de la psychanalyse pour souligner la spécificité de celui-ci. Ce problème renvoie à la notion psychanalytique du corps pulsionnel, aux limites de la représentation psychique en psychanalyse et à l'affirmation selon laquelle il y a dans ce domaine une indiscernabilité basique entre le registre de la pulsion et celui de la répresentation. En plus de ces deux dimensions, l'article souligne l'importance d'inclure le corps biologique comme l'une des dimensions du corps métapsychologique en Freud.

Resumen Se busca levantar indagaciones centrales sobre la presencia del cuerpo en la clínica psicoanalíitica y en la cultura contemporánea. Con este propósito, se examina cuánto esta problemática participa en las transformaciones sociales atestiguadas en las últimas décadas. Enseguida se compara el cuerpo de la biología con el cuerpo del psicoanálisis, a fin de enfatizar la especificidad de este último. Este problema se remite a la noción psicoanalítica de cuerpo pulsional, a los límites de la representación psíquica en el psicoanálisis y a la afirmación de que hay en este campo una indiscernibilidad básica entre el registro de la pulsión y el de la representación Además de estos dos registros, el artículo destaca la importancia de incluir también el cuerpo biológico como una de las dimensiones del cuerpo metapsicológico en Freud. Palabras clave: cuerpo, psicoanálisis, línica psicoanalítica, contemporaneidade.

Abstract This article seeks to raise some central questions about the presence of the body in psychoanalytic clinical practice and contemporary culture. For such, it examines how this problem appears in the social transformations witnessed in the last decades. The biology body and the psychoanalysis body are then compared to emphasize the specificity of the latter. This problem refers to the psychoanalytic notion of the drive body, to the limits of psychic representation in psychoanalysis, and to the assertion that there is, in this field, a basic indiscernibility between the context of the drive and that of representation. In addition to these two aspects, the article highlights the importance of including the biological body as one of the dimensions of the metapsychological body in Freud.

Automutilaçâo na adolescência - rasuras na experiência de alteridade * / Self-mutilation in adolescence - scratches in the otherness experience

Resumen A partir de este artículo de reflexión, intentamos proponer una reflexión sobre el tema de la automutilación a partir del análisis de algunas narraciones de blogs de adolescentes. Utilizando el referencial del campo teórico-clínico del psicoanálisis proponemos que el cortarse puede ins cribirse en el registro de la compulsión, donde destacamos el aspecto del estremecimiento de la alteridad, articulándolo a las nociones de "vivencia de indiferencia" y "acto-dolor". En el artículo exploramos la autodestructividad involucrada en el cortarse, y se presenta una reflexión sobre la automutilación. Se observa en los testimonios citados la referencia al aislamiento y a la ausencia de un destinatario a quien dirigir el dolor psíquico. La articulación teórica se centra en los aspectos del dolor solipsista, del desaliento y de una experiencia de extrañeza con el propio cuerpo que llevan a un movimiento de descarga en el cuerpo, al no encontrar la ruta de la dimensión elaborativa de la psique.

Abstract From the present reflective article we aim to put some thought into self-mutilation theme from the analysis of some narratives of the adolescent's blogs in the light of the theoretical clinical field of psychoanalysis, proposing that the act of cutting can be inscribed in the register of compul sion in which we highlight the aspect of the quivering of otherness, articulating it to the notions of "experiencing indifference" and "pain-act". It is also explored the self-aggression involved in these cuts and is presented a reflection concerning a way of cutting himself. It is observed in those testimonies, the reference to the isolation and the absence of a receiver to whom is possible to direct psychic pain. The theoretical articulation focuses on the solipsistic aspects of pain, discouragement and an experience of oddness with his own body, which lead to a discharge movement in the body, since the way to the psyche's elaborative dimension is not found.

Barbárie versus civilização: a problemática da bildung / Barbarism versus civilization: the problem of bildung / La barbarie versus la civilización: la problemática de la bildung

Resumo O artigo coteja a premissa freudiana do mal-estar da civilização com a leitura do conceito de semiformação em Adorno. Apresentam-se as ideias principais do ensaio “Teoria de la seudocultura” (Adorno, 1966), em que é proposto que a formação cultural (Bildung) afasta o homem da natureza e do corpo. A noção de semiformação pressupõe que a civilização teria, já em sua origem, o germe de seu colapso, pelo fato de buscar a dominação da natureza e do corpo. Desse modo, observamos que Adorno não é estranho a Freud quando concebe a violência instalada no cerne mesmo da civilização. Em 1930, Freud constata que não é mais possível partilhar do entusiasmo pela civilização como um bem precioso que conduziria todos os homens à mais elevada perfeição. Há um antagonismo entre as exigências da pulsão e as restrições da civilização que faz com que o conflito seja insolúvel e o desamparo, irremediável.

Resumen El presente artículo coteja la premisa freudiana del malestar en la civilización con la lectura del concepto de la semiformación en Adorno. Presentamos las ideas principales del ensayo "Teoría de la seudocultura" (Adorno, 1966), donde se propone que la formación cultural (Bildung) alejó el hombre de la naturaleza y del cuerpo. La noción de semiformación presupone que la civilización hubiera tenido ya en su origen, el germen de su colapso, debido a la búsqueda de la dominación de la naturaleza y del cuerpo. De esa manera, vemos que Adorno no es ajeno a Freud, cuando concibe la violencia instalada en el corazón mismo de la civilización. En 1930, Freud señala que ya no es posible más compartir el entusiasmo por la civilización como un activo valioso, que conduciría a todos los hombres a la más alta perfección. Existe un antagonismo entre las exigencias de la pulsión y las restricciones de la civilización, lo que hace que el conflicto sea insoluble y el desamparo, irremediable.

Abstract This article correlates the Freudian premise of the malaise in civilization with Adorno’s concept of semi-formation. The main concepts in the essay “Theory of Pseudo-culture” (Adorno, 1966) are presented. In it, Adorno proposed that cultural formation (Bildung) shifts man away from nature and the body. The notion of semi-formation assumes that civilization would have, in its origin, the seeds of its collapse, by way of its quest for domination of nature and the body. Thus, Adorno is seen as no stranger to Freud, when he conceives violence as installed in the very core of civilization. In 1930, Freud realizes it is no longer possible to share the enthusiasm for civilization as a valuable asset that would lead all men to the highest perfection. There is an antagonism between the demands of drive and the restraints of civilization that makes conflict insoluble and helplessness unavoidable.

A Novel Strain of Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus Has Spread to the Mediterranean Basin.

Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) is a whitefly-transmitted bipartite begomovirus (genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae) that causes damage to multiple cultivated plant species mainly belonging to the Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae families. ToLCNDV was limited to Asian countries until 2012, when it was first reported in Spain, causing severe epidemics in cucurbit crops. Here, we show that a genetically-uniform ToLCNDV population is present in Spain, compatible with a recent introduction. Analyses of ToLCNDV isolates reported from other parts of the world indicated that this virus has a highly heterogeneous population genetically with no evident geographical, plant host or year-based phylogenetic groups observed. Isolates emerging in Spain belong to a strain that seems to have evolved by recombination. Isolates of this strain seem adapted to infecting cucurbits, but poorly infect tomatoes.

A pulsão de morte contra a pulsão de morte: a negatividade necessária / The death drive against the death drive: the necessary negativity / La pulsión de muerte contra la pulsión de muerte: la negatividad necesaria

Tradicionalmente definida como traumática, como o que esgarça a rede representacional e alimenta a compulsão à repetição, levando o psiquismo ao esgotamento e à dissolução, a pulsão de morte apresenta, mais profundamente, uma outra face que é preciso sublinhar e que constitui o objeto central deste artigo. Se ela realiza um trabalho do negativo, a negatividade que ela expressa impulsiona a subjetivação, pois sua atividade e seus efeitos são absolutamente necessários, entre outros, para a construção do duplo limite psíquico (Green) e para a realização do primeiro trabalho psíquico verdadeiro (Rosenberg). Eis o paradoxo que pretendemos investigar: somente através dos desligamentos, dos vazios, das divisões e das separações gerados pela pulsão de morte os processos de simbolização podem proliferar, se enriquecer e o psiquismo pode se complexificar. Iniciamos analisando a pulsão de morte como força disruptiva para, em seguida, nos determos nas noções de ligação e de desligamento. Finalmente, demonstramos a necessidade de pensar a negatividade como necessária e fundamental para os processos de subjetivação.

Traditionally defined as traumatic, as what frays apart representational network and feeds the compulsion to repeat, taking the psychism to exhaustion and dissolution, the death drive presents another face which must be stressed and that is the central object this article. If it performs the work of the negative, the negativity it expresses boosts subjectivation because its activity and its effects are absolutely necessary, among others, for the construction of the double psychic limit (Green) and the achievement of the first real psychic work (Rosenberg). This is the paradox that we intend to investigate: only through the shutdowns, the emptinesses, the divisions and separations generated by the death drive, the symbolization processes can proliferate, enrich itselfes and the psyche can complexify. We start analyzing the death drive as a disruptive force. Then we describe the notions of linking and unlinking. Finally, we demonstrate the need to think negativity as necessary and fundamental to the subjective processes.

Tradicionalmente definida como traumática, como lo que deshilacha la red de representaciones y alimenta la compulsión a la repetición, teniendo el agotamiento y disolución psíquicos, la pulsión de muerte presenta, más profundamente, otra cara que debe ser estresada y que es el objeto central de este texto. Si ella realiza un trabajo de lo negativo, la negatividad que ella expresa estimula la subjetivación porque su actividad y sus efectos son absolutamente necesarios, entre otros, para la construcción del doble límite psíquico (Green) y para llevar a cabo el primer trabajo psíquico real (Rosenberg). Esta es la paradoja de que tenemos la intención de investigar: sólo a través de las paradas, los vacíos, las divisiones y las separaciones generadas por la pulsión de muerte, los procesos de simbolización pueden proliferar, enriquecer y la psique puede complejizar-se. Comenzamos con el análisis de la pulsión de muerte como una fuerza disruptiva para, a continuación, nos detenernos en las nociones de conexión y desconexión. Por último, demostramos la necesidad de pensar la negatividad como una condición necesaria y fundamental para los procesos subjetivos.

A dor crônica entre o silêncio e o grito / Chronic pain between silence and scream

O artigo pretende refletir sobre a dor crônica, pensando-a como expressão da pulsão de morte. Se, por um lado, a dor crônica é vista, por sua mudez, como pertencente ao domínio silencioso da pulsão de morte, por outro lado ela provoca ruídos que promovem possibilidades de inscrição psíquica daquilo que da pulsão é excesso sem representação. Por isso, a dor crônica é analisada como um grito, uma tentativa de enunciação possível que irrompe quando a palavra não é possível. A dor crônica como expressão da pulsão de morte é analisada em seus aspectos estruturante e desestruturante, respectivamente, como grito e silêncio, numa tentativa de estabelecer um limite e ao mesmo tempo sinal do rompimento do limite.(AU)

The article examines chronic pain, considering it as a manifestation of the death drive. If, on one hand, chronic pain is seen, for its voicelessness, as in the domain of the death drive, on the other hand we suggest that it causes a buzz which makes it possible to inscribe that which in the drive is excess without representation. Therefore, chronic pain is taken as a scream, an attempted enunciation that erupts when words will not do. Chronic pain as expression of the death drive is analyzed in its structuring and de-structuring aspects, respectively, as scream and silence, in an attempt to establish a limit as well as a sign of rupture of that limit.(AU)

A dor crônica entre o silêncio e o grito / Chronic pain between silence and scream

O artigo pretende refletir sobre a dor crônica, pensando-a como expressão da pulsão de morte. Se, por um lado, a dor crônica é vista, por sua mudez, como pertencente ao domínio silencioso da pulsão de morte, por outro lado ela provoca ruídos que promovem possibilidades de inscrição psíquica daquilo que da pulsão é excesso sem representação. Por isso, a dor crônica é analisada como um grito, uma tentativa de enunciação possível que irrompe quando a palavra não é possível. A dor crônica como expressão da pulsão de morte é analisada em seus aspectos estruturante e desestruturante, respectivamente, como grito e silêncio, numa tentativa de estabelecer um limite e ao mesmo tempo sinal do rompimento do limite

The article examines chronic pain, considering it as a manifestation of the death drive. If, on one hand, chronic pain is seen, for its voicelessness, as in the domain of the death drive, on the other hand we suggest that it causes a buzz which makes it possible to inscribe that which in the drive is excess without representation. Therefore, chronic pain is taken as a scream, an attempted enunciation that erupts when words will not do. Chronic pain as expression of the death drive is analyzed in its structuring and de-structuring aspects, respectively, as scream and silence, in an attempt to establish a limit as well as a sign of rupture of that limit

Indagações sobr as novas formas de fabricação o humano à luz da noção de dádiiva de marcel mauss

Buscaremos articular a lógica implicada nas doações de material de engendramento (sêmen, óvulos e embriões), praticadas no campo das novas tecnologias reprodutivas (NTR), com o sistema de trocas de algumas sociedades arcaicas, descrito por Marcel Mauss em seu célebre artigo Ensaio sobre a dádiva (1924/1974). Esta articulação será também trabalhada a partir de três importantes intérpretes deste ensaio - Lévi-Strauss, Maurice Godelier e George Bataille -, de modo a extrair dela algumas consequências e explicitar alguns questionamentos que as NTR colocam para a psicanálise e vice-versa(AU)

Questioning the new forms of human fabrication in the light of Marcel Mauss's concept of gift. In this article, we will articulate the logic involved in donations from engenderment material (semen, eggs and embryos), practiced in the field of new reproductive technologies, with the system of exchanges of some archaic societies described by Marcel Mauss in his celebrated article Essay on the gift (1924/1974). This articulation will also be crafted from three important interpreters of this essay - Lévi-Strauss, Maurice Godelier and George Bataille - in order to extract some consequences and clarify some questions that the NRT address to psychoanalysis and vice versa(AU)

Indagações sobre as novas formas de fabricação o humano à luz da noção de dádiiva de marcel mauss / Questions about new forms of human manufacture the light of the notion of dádiiva of Marcel Mauss

Buscaremos articular a lógica implicada nas doações de material de engendramento (sêmen, óvulos e embriões), praticadas no campo das novas tecnologias reprodutivas (NTR), com o sistema de trocas de algumas sociedades arcaicas, descrito por Marcel Mauss em seu célebre artigo Ensaio sobre a dádiva (1924/1974). Esta articulação será também trabalhada a partir de três importantes intérpretes deste ensaio - Lévi-Strauss, Maurice Godelier e George Bataille -, de modo a extrair dela algumas consequências e explicitar alguns questionamentos que as NTR colocam para a psicanálise e vice-versa.

Questioning the new forms of human fabrication in the light of Marcel Mauss's concept of gift. In this article, we will articulate the logic involved in donations from engenderment material (semen, eggs and embryos), practiced in the field of new reproductive technologies, with the system of exchanges of some archaic societies described by Marcel Mauss in his celebrated article Essay on the gift (1924/1974). This articulation will also be crafted from three important interpreters of this essay - Lévi-Strauss, Maurice Godelier and George Bataille - in order to extract some consequences and clarify some questions that the NRT address to psychoanalysis and vice versa.

Scientific analysis and historical aspects as tools in the legal investigation of paintings: a case study in Brazil.

The faker makes use of several strategies to give credibility to his work, as for example by copying artist's style or by using artificial aging techniques. The characterization of artistic materials, such as pigments, binding media and supports through chemical and/or physico-chemical analysis, coupled with art historical information is essential to establish the non-authenticity of works of art. This paper presents a contribution in a legal case regarding paintings attributed to important Brazilian and European artists such as Candido Portinari, Juan Gris, Camille Pissarro, and Umberto Boccioni, among others. In the investigation, modern synthetic painting materials were identified in all the ground layers of the suspected paintings. The use of diverse instrumental analytical techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, polarized light microscopy and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry enabled this characterization. The results demonstrated the presence of titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate and kaolin as inorganic components of the paints, and polyvinyl acetate copolymerized with vinyl versatates or diisobutylphtalate as binding media in the ground layers of the paintings. The results obtained, along with art historical information and art technological studies, were very important in the judicial process, due to the possibility to use titanium dioxide and polyvinyl acetate copolymerized with vinyl versatates as chronological markers.